Typhoid Fever Complicating as Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis

Authors

  • G. Sree Theja Department of General Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai - 625020, Tamil Nadu
  • B. Palani Kumar Department of General Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai - 625020, Tamil Nadu
  • M. Ilamaran Department of General Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai - 625020, Tamil Nadu
  • S. Pon Senthil Kumar Department of General Medicine, Madurai Medical College, Madurai - 625020, Tamil Nadu

Keywords:

medical, Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), <i>Salmonella typhi</i>, Typhoid Fever

Abstract

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is an aggressive hematological disorder caused by an uncontrolled activation of Cytotoxic T-Cells (CTL), Natural Killer (NK) cells, and macrophages, leading to hyperinflammation and cytokine storm. It can be classified into either primary or secondary. Triggers like infections, malignancies, and autoimmune conditions can lead to secondary HLH. Viral infections (Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), and parvovirus) are commonly known to cause HLH. Tropical infections like Typhoid are common in India but have infrequently been reported to cause HLH. HLH is a rare complication of typhoid fever. We report a case of an adolescent boy who presented with typhoid fever complicated by secondary HLH.

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Published

2025-09-21

How to Cite

Theja, G. S., Kumar, B. P., Ilamaran, M., & Kumar, S. P. S. (2025). Typhoid Fever Complicating as Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. University Online Journal of Medical and Medical Specialities, 1(1), 1–5. Retrieved from https://ejournal-tnmgrmu.ac.in/index.php/medical/article/view/1

Issue

Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2025

Section

Research Article