Role of Chorionic Villous Sampling in prenatal diagnosis Our experience.

Abstract

Introduction-Chorionic villous sampling(CVS) is an invasive method of prenatal diagnosis to determine  chromosomal or genetic disorders in the fetus.It is performed between 10-13 weeks, either transvaginally or   tranabdominally .The primary advantage of CVS is that    results are available earlier in pregnancy. The complications of CVS are fetal loss ( 0.7 ) within 14 days, amniotic fluid leakage and infections ( 0.5).CVS performed earlier than 9 weeks is associated with limb reduction. The aim of this study is to analyse the feasibilty of the procedure and to evaluate the indications, results and complications of trans abdominal chorionic villus sampling in prenatal diagnosis. Material Method This is a descriptive analytical study conducted in the Perinatal medicine clinic in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit 4 ,at CMC Vellore over a period of one year, from August 2014- August 2015. Data of women undergoing transabdominal CVS for various indications were obtained from USG room record.. Indication of the procedure as well as results, complications, technical failure and   maternal contamination of the sample were analysed. Results Totally 53 patients underwent CVS during the study period . The mean maternal age was 29.09yrs and mean gestational age was 12 weeks and 3 days. The various  indications as per analysis were 24(45.2) to rule out  chromosomal abnormality,20(37.7)to rule out genetic disease, and 9(16.9) to rule out haematological disorder. Results of the CVS were analysed in the chromosomal abnormality group, normal results were found in 15(62.5) patients, abnormal results were found in 8(33.3) patients. In the genetic disease group , the fetus was not affected in 14(70),fetuses were affected in 6(30).In the haematological disorder group, fetus not affected in 4(44.4) patients ,affected foetuses were found in 3(33.3) patients, and fetus with carrier state was found in 1(11.1) patient. Maternal contamination was found in 3(5.6) samples. CVS was unsuccessful in 2 (3.6)patients due to technical difficulty. Conclusion CVS is a safe and reliable prenatal diagnostic technique. It should be one of the options available to pregnant women who require prenatal diagnosis.