Cover Image

VARIATIONS IN FORAMEN TRANSVERSARIUM

KARTHIKEYAN .

Abstract


There are seven cervical vertebrae forming the skeletal framework of the back of neck. They are easily              distinguishable from the other group of vertebrae by the              presence of foramen in the transverse process namely foramen transversarium, which forms the characteristic feature of cervical

vertebrae. The foramen transmits the second part of vertebral artery with the accompanying vein and the sympathetic plexus. The right and left vertebral arteries fuse at the level of Pons forming the Basilar artery which forms the main source of blood supply of the hindbrain. Therefore, any variation in the foramen transversarium has important clinical implications due to              possible effects on the vertebral artery thereby causing                hindbrain symptoms. In this study, 257 adult human cervical vertebrae were studied. The shape of foramina transversaria, symmetry of foramina on both sides and presence of accessory foramina were studied. It was found that the foramen was round in shape in 87.2 percentage, elliptical in 9.7 percentage and irregular in 3.11 percentage of the total vertebrae. Incidence of accessory foramen transversarium was found to be 8.56             percentage. Asymmetrical foramen was noted in 3.89                  percentage of the total 257 cervical vertebrae studied.

 


Full Text:

PDF

References


REFERENCES :

Bergman RA, Thompson SA, Afifi AK, Saadeh FA: Compendium Of Human Anatomic Variation. Germany: Urban & Schwarzenberg, 1988:197

Bridwell KH, Anderson PA, Boden SD, Vaccaro AR, Wang JC: What’s New In Spine Surgery. J Bone Joint Surg Am 90: 1609-1619, 2008

Caovilla HH, Gananca MM, Munhoz MS, Silva ML, Gananca FF, Silva ML, Munhoz MS, Gananca MM, Caovilla HH: Sindrome Cervical. Quadros Clinicos Otoneurologicos Mais Comuns. Sao Paulo: Atheneu, 2000:95-100

Cooper PR, Cohen A, Rosiello A, Koslow M: Posterior Stabilization Of Cervical Spine Fractures And Subluxations Using Plates And Screws. Neurosurgery 23:300-306, 1988

Das S, Suri R, Kapur V: Double Foramina transversaria: An Osteological Study With Clinical Implications. Int Med J 12: 311-313, 2005

Divya Agarwal ,Biswa Bhusan Mohanty,Sunita Sethy,Bijalaxmi Parija, Santhosh Kumar Hazary And Prafulla Kumar Chinara,Variations In Foramen Transversarium:An Osteological Study In Eastern India.

EI Shaarawy EAA,Sabry SM, EI Gammaroy T,Nasr LE: Morphology And Morphology Of The Foramina Transversaria Of Cervical Vertebrae: A Correlation With The Position Of The Vertebral Artery.Kasar EI Aini Medical Journal ,June 2010.

Goddard AJ, Annesley-Williams D, Guthrie JA. Duplication Of The Vertebral Artery: Report Of Two Cases And Review Of The Literature. Neuroradiology 2001;43:477–80.

Gordin R, Renner K: Anatomic Considerations For Platescrew Fixation Of The Cervical Spine. Spine 16:548-551, 1991

Hasegawa T, Kubota T, Ito H, Et Al. Symptomatic Duplication Of The Vertebral Artery. Surg Neurol 1983;20:244–48

Ionete C, Omojola MF: MR Angiographic Demonstration Of Bilateral Duplication Of The Extracranial Vertebral Artery: Unusual Course And Review Of The Literature. AJNR 27: 1304- 1306, 2006

Jovanovic MS: A Comparative Study Of The Foramen Transversarium Of The Sixth And Seventh Cervical Vertebrae. Surg Radiol Anat 12:167-172, 1990

Kaya S,Yilmaz ND,Pusat S,Kural C,Kirik A,Izci Y.Double Foramen Transversarim Variation In Ancient Byzantine Cervical Vertebrae: Preliminary Report Of An Anthropological Study,2011.

Kubikova E, Osvaldova M, Mizerakova P, El Falougy H, Benuska J: A Variable Origin Of The Vertebral Artery. Bratisl Lek Listy 109:28-30, 2008

Murlimanju BV ,Prabhu LV, Shilpa K, Rai R, dhananjeya KV, Jiji PG, Accessory Transverse foramina in then cervical spine: Incidence,embryological basis, morphology and surgical importance 2011.

Riew K: Microscope-Assisted Anterior Cervical Decompression And Plating Techniques For Multilevel Cervical Spondylosis. Operative Techniques In Orthopaedics 8:22-33, 1988

Romanov VA, Miller LG, Gaevy MD: The Effect Of The Vertebral Nerve On Circulation In The Inner Ear (Cochlea). Biull Eksp Biol Med 75:10-12, 1973

Sim E, Vaccaro AR, Berzlanovich A, Thaler H, Ullrich CG: Fenestration Of The Extracranial Vertebral Artery: Review Of The Literature. Spine 26:139–142, 2001

Taitz C, Nathan H, Arensburg B: Anatomical Observations Of The Foramina Transversaria. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry

Timothy J. Bernard, Brendan R. Mull, Michael H. Handler, Roger K. Harned, Christopher M. Filley,David A.

Kumpe, And Brian S. Tseng. An 18-Year-Old Man With Fenestrated Vertebral Arteries, Recurrent Stroke And Successful Angiographic Coiling.


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

An Initiative of The Tamil Nadu Dr M.G.R. Medical University