Evaluation of Antiinflammatory Effects of Statins in Rats

Thamizh Vani D, Aruna T .

Abstract


Background: Inflammation is a localised condition where part of body becomes reddened, swollen, hot, and often painful, as a reaction to injury or infection. Statins, or 3-hydroxy    -3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase      inhibitors, are widely used in clinical practice as large              randomized   clinical trials have documented their benefits in primary and  secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Evidence from both experimental and clinical studies supports the notion of “pleiotropic” effects of statins.  Statins repress the induction by interferon-γ of                                 major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) class II, thus    inhibiting T-cell activation. Statins inhibit the interactions  between leukocyte-function–associated antigen type 1   (LFA-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1). These important data add to the growing evidence supporting the notion that the statin drug class may possess                 immunomodulatory properties that are clinically useful in    treating a variety of autoimmune and antiinflammatory        diseases.

 Aim: To study the acute and chronic anti inflammatory effects of Atorvastatin on rat paw edema induced by carrageenin (acute inflammation) and Freud’s adjuvant (chronic            inflammation).

 Materials and methods: Adult male Wistar rats weighing       150 – 180g were selected for the study and were randomly divided into 3 groups (control – normal saline, standard     – Indomethacin 8mg/kg/day oral, test – Atorvastatin   10mg/kg/day oral). The acute anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using carrageenan induced paw edema by using plethysmograph and chronic inflammation was evaluated using Freunds adjuvant. Paw edema was measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 hours for acute inflammation and at 5th and 21st day for chronic inflammation. The paw edema volume and percentage inhibition of paw edema was calculated.

 Results: Kruskal-wallis T test was used to test    statistical significance. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Atorvastatin showed a greater percentage  inhibition of paw edema than Indomethacin at 1st and 3rd hour in acute inflammation and at 5th day in chronic inflammation.

 

Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that          Atorvastatin may play an adjuvant role, beneficial in the treatment of  inflammatory disorders.

 Keywords: Freunds adjuvant, paw edema,     atorvastatin, carrageenan


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