A study on assessment of fall risk in elderly

Abstract

Objective: Fall risk assessment is an essential component to a comprehensive fall reduction and prevention program. This study was done with the aim to identify the prevalence of risk factors for falls in elderly. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out at a geriatric out patient clinic in a tertiary care hospital. 100 patients aged 70 years and above, from either sex and with the history of atleast one episode of fall in last one year were included in the study. Detailed history regarding previous history of falls and medication history were elicited. Cardiovascular, neurological and musculoskeletal examinations were done. Vision and hearing screen was done. Fall risk was assessed using Timed Up and Go test (TUG) and Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA). Results: The prevalence of falls was high in people over 80 years of age (53 percent males, 58 percent females), in those on polypharmacy (64 percent males, 61 percent females), visual impairment (49 percent males, 44 percent females) and in those with arthritis (40 percent males, 51 percent females). The fall risk increased with increase in number of risk factors (23 percent with less than 3 risk factors, 70 percent with more than 4 risk factors). The Timed Up and Go (TUG) test was positive in 16 males and 30 females. Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) showed high risk for fall in 9 males and 22 females. Conclusion: Arthritis, visual impairment, advanced age and polypharmacy are common risk factors. TUG and POMA predicts a good number of people at risk for falls. A good clinical assessment would predict people at risk for falls and institution of timely interventions would decrease adverse consequences.